“Our findings emphasize the fact that although you may stop the emission of toxic elements from coal-fired power plants into the air, they remain in the fly ash that gets stored in power plants’ containment ponds, and may still end up in the environment,” said Avner Vengosh, associate professor of earth and ocean sciences at the Nicholas School.

The team of Duke researchers analyzed data collected at the site of the massive coal ash spill that occurred after a Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) coal ash impoundment pond burst and dumped more than a billion gallons of toxic material on to a neighboring community. The analysis of ash samples revealed high levels of toxic metals and radioactivity, including 75 parts per million of arsenic, 150 parts per billion of mercury, and eight picocuries (a standard measure of radioactivity) per gram of total radium.

Wet coal ash poses less of a risk; however, when the ash dries into fly ash, the risk of humans inhaling the toxic fumes increases. “Our study highlights the high probability that as the ash dries, fine particulates enriched with these elements will be re-suspended in the air as dust and could have a severe health impact on local residents or workers who inhale them,” said Vengosh.

Since the massive coal ash spill last December, the TVA has been working to clean up the mess it caused. The cleanup effort is expected to cost the TVA nearly $1 billion, though some experts say it will be impossible to restore the land and waterways affected.

Source: Duke University

SOURCE: Coal Ash Spill › Those near coal-firing plants at risk for serious health problems

Cleanup efforts have been extensive and costly, with estimates of upwards of $975 million. TVA officials say it could be months before the cleanup is complete. But a team of researches from Duke University say the next few months could be crucial. According to the scientists, the smallest particulate matter poses the most danger in terms of going airborne and toxicity, according to WBIR-TV.

“Fine fractions of fly ash are typically 4 – 10 times enriched in metals… affecting human health directly… through inhalation and indirectly through the food chains (agricultural products),” according to the study that was published last week in the Environmental Science and Technology scholarly journal.

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is continually monitoring the area and says it has not yet seen dust exceed safe levels during its monitoring. However, the agency did recommend that people go inside if they see dust outside and to seek medical care if they experience any symptoms of respiratory problems.

According to the report, “sediments from the downstream Clinch River have higher (Mercury) content, which suggests a significant contribution of (Mercury) from the coal ash to the river sediments. We therefore conclude that ash transport and deposition in the Clinch River has increased the (Mercury) content in the river sediments.”

SOURCE: Coal Ash Spill › Summer conditions likely to increase coal ash going airborne

The Duke tests revealed high amounts of arsenic and radioactive radium in the toxic sludge at the spill site, findings that throw up red flags about the “safety of storing ash” and emphasize the need for caution in the cleanup process.

According to the Nicholas School of the Environment at Duke, water near the site tested fairly clean, with only trace amounts of arsenic present in samples taken two miles downstream from the spill. The sludge and ash, however, contain two radioactive forms of radium, which is highly carcinogenic to humans.

“As the sludge dries out, the ash picked up by the wind as dust will be carried into the atmosphere. Once there, this dust can be inhaled by people, where it can be deposited on the linings of their lungs giving them unwelcome doses of radioactivity and toxic metals,” writes Bill Chameides, Dean of the Nicholas School at Duke.

The possibility of airborne particulates of radium and other toxic substances arising from the sludge is why the cleanup must be conducted with extreme care. It’s also why the presence of some 1,300 coal ash dump sites throughout the country is so dangerous.

Chameides says that the spill and the cleanup effort are “something for the folks in Roane County to think about.” Even more alarming, however, is how the Kingston spill highlights a much broader concern about the safety of coal. These concerns “go well beyond the Kingston plant to all the coal-fired power plants and their coal ash dumping sites throughout the United States,” Chameides writes.

“Is dangerous particulate matter being liberated from them regularly? And if so, what risks might they pose to the people living near these plants?”

A recent article in the New York Times reported that of the 1,300 coal ash dump sites in the U.S., more than 60 had leakage and contaminated the surrounding water.

The government, however, seems to be downplaying the concerns that the Duke scientists raise.

Avner Vengosh, associate professor of earth and ocean sciences at Duke, and graduate student Laura Ruhl collected ash and water samples from part of the Emory River three weeks after the spill occurred.

Their tests of the solid ash samples found significantly higher levels of radium-228 and radium-226 than the EPA reported to have found: 8 picocuries per gram compared with an average of 5-6 picocuries per gram reported by the EPA.

Vengosh and Ruhl also found 95 parts per billion of arsenic in the inlet tested, but lower concentrations downstream. Ten parts per billion is the EPA standard for safe drinking water.

TVA acknowledged the difference between Duke’s radiation and arsenic levels and those recorded by the TVA.

“We still take the Duke report very seriously and will have the site rechecked,” a TVA spokesperson told WSMV of Nashville.

SOURCE: Coal Ash Spill › Duke study of coal ash spill raises serious concerns

Exposure to arsenic and radium can have cause serious health issues in humans, including cancer, liver damage and neurological complications.

The Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation (TDEC) is overseeing the cleanup, with assistance from the Tennessee Department of Health and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Efforts costing $1 million a day include vacuuming ash particles from the river and inlets, building temporary dams to hold back the flow, and dusting the area with more than 80 tons of grass seed to keep the ash from flying in the wind, according to the report.

A spokesperson with TDEC told AP that the agencies are working together to ensure the area is appropriately cleaned for the long-term protection of both the community and the environment. She was quoted: “We have stated throughout this process that coal ash does contain small amounts of some contaminants that could be harmful to human health under certain conditions, primarily ingestion and inhalation. From the point TDEC was initially notified of the ash release, the department recognized the potential inhalation hazard presented by the ash and acted to protect local public health.”

Because trace amounts of toxins were found miles downstream, state and federal agencies will continue to monitor the water and air to ensure that drinking water and air quality remains safe.

SOURCE: Coal Ash Spill › Scientists confirm sludge contains arsenic, radium